There are somewhat obsolete requirements the SAE still has in place for qualifying certain systems in certain applications. Have to be vague here, but there is a Load Dump test requirement in some applications and easily blowing a fuse is not acceptable.
I said the fusible link was NOT to protect electronics, but rather reduce the opportunity of a fire. DC systems is where the fusible link is specified for vehicles.
Thank you for the clarification....researching the subject a little, I found this explanation.....if it applicable...great, if not applicable, also great.....not trying to pry....but to just understand a little bit better.
The field winding of an alternator has a large
inductance. When the vehicle battery is being charged, the alternator generates a large current, the magnitude of which is controlled by the current in the field winding. If the battery becomes disconnected while it is being charged the load on the alternator suddenly decreases. However, the vehicle's voltage regulator cannot quickly cause the field current to decrease sufficiently, so the alternator continues to generate a large current. This large current causes the voltage on the vehicle bus to increase significantly -- well above the normal and regulated level.
All the loads connected to the alternator see this high voltage spike. The strength of the spike depends on many factors including the speed at which the alternator is rotating and the current which was being supplied to the battery before it was disconnected. These spike may peak at as high as 120 V and may take up to 400 ms to decay.
[1] This kind of a spike would damage many semiconductor devices, e.g.
ECUs, that may be connected to the alternator. Special protection devices, such as
TVS diodes,
varistors which can withstand and absorb the energy of these spikes may be added to protect such semiconductor devices.
Various automotive standards such as
ISO 7637-2 and
SAE J1113-11 specify a standard shape of the load dump pulse against which automotive electronic components may be designed.
There can also be a smaller inductive spike due to the inductance of the stator windings. That may have a larger voltage, but it will be for a much shorter duration, as relatively little energy is stored in the inductance of these windings. Load dump can be more damaging because the alternator continues to generate power until the field current can decrease, so much more energy can be released.
BOB RENTON
