I see some painted carbs on epay, presumably to make them look better. I would not buy a painted carb for restoration. Painting is NOT the way to restore a Carter carb, in my opinion. If you want a concourse restoration, there are better ways to go. The pretty Carter carbs we see that are shiny and nicely restored are not typically painted. The varying parts are either natural cast aluminum, or plated (in various ways) steel.
Even Holley carbs (from the factory) were plated and not painted.
If you insist on painting it, you're right asking questions about masking and protecting areas you don't want to paint. It's not easy without significant pre-cleaning and disassembly. Not only is over spray onto non-aluminum or non-silver parts a worry, but also gumming things up with paint, so linkages don't move as freely as they should to function correctly.
If you don't really care about show quality, I recommend simply cleaning it, and leaving the natural patina. If your goal it to make the aluminum brighter, and remove some of the natural aluminum oxidation, one method is using an acid. I've used CLR (a kitchen acid) and also straight vinegar with decent results.